Role of surgical treatments in high-grade or advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Over the last 40 years, the incidence and prevalence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) have continued to increase. Compared to other epithelial neoplasms in the same organ, GEP-NENs exhibit indolent biological behavior, resulting in more chances to undergo surgery. However, the role of surgery in high-grade or advanced GEP-NENs is still controversial. Surgery is associated with survival improvement of well-differentiated high-grade GEP-NENs, whereas poorly differentiated GEP-NENs that may benefit from resection require careful selection based on Ki67 and other tissue biomarkers. Additionally, surgery also plays an important role in locally advanced and metastatic disease. For locally advanced GEP-NENs, isolated major vascular involvement is no longer an absolute contraindication. In the setting of metastatic GEP-NENs, radical intended surgery is recommended for patients with low-grade and resectable metastases. For unresectable metastatic disease, a variety of surgical approaches, including cytoreduction of liver metastasis, liver transplantation, and surgery after neoadjuvant treatment, show survival benefits. Primary tumor resection in GEP-NENs with unresectable metastatic disease is associated with symptom control, prolonged survival, and improved sensitivity toward systemic therapies. Although there is no established neoadjuvant or adjuvant strategy, increasing attention has been given to this emerging research area. Some studies have reported that neoadjuvant therapy effectively reduces tumor burden, improves the effectiveness of subsequent surgery, and decreases surgical complications.     

维生素D3辅助治疗哮喘合并呼吸道感染对气道重塑及免疫功能影响

目的分析维生素D₃辅助治疗哮喘合并呼吸道感染对气道重塑及免疫功能的影响。 方法选取我院2020年1月至2021年1月收治的56例哮喘患者为对象，随机分为两组，其中采取常规治疗为对照组24例，采用维生素D₃辅助治疗为观察组32例。比较两组临床疗效，咳嗽、咳痰、气喘、胸闷以及肺内哮鸣声消失时间，T细胞亚群变化以及气道重塑指标变化，比较不良反应发生情况。 结果观察组临床治疗总有效率显著高于对照组，同时咳嗽、咳痰、气喘、胸闷以及肺哮鸣音等消失时间明显好于对照组(P<0.05)；观察组CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应率差异(P>0.05)。 结论使用维生素D₃辅助治疗哮喘合并呼吸道感染可增强患者的免疫功能，延缓气道重塑纤维化进程，安全性高。     

地方医学院校课程质量监控体系的构建探索

基于国家深化高等院校课程建设的新时代视域，提升课程质量成为高校教育教学发展的重要任务。地方医学院校作为基层卫生人才的培养摇篮，构建科学合理的课程质量监控体系愈发迫切。本文分析了我国高等院校课程质量监控体系存在的问题，结合地方医学院校办学特点和广州医科大学工作实践，探索构建了集“多样化监控方法、全维度监控指标、闭环式反馈机制、多层级文化建设”为一体的课程质量监控体系，为同类院校提供实际参考。     

结直肠癌与自然杀伤细胞的相关性探讨北大核心

目的:研究结直肠癌及其配对的癌旁组织的自然杀伤(nature killer,NK)细胞数量及分布情况。方法:结直肠癌及其配对的癌旁组织各40例,以SP免疫组化法检测NK细胞。结果:结直肠癌及其配对的癌旁组织中均未检测到NK细胞的浸润。结论:结直肠癌及其配对的癌旁组织中缺乏NK细胞浸润可能与肿瘤微环境、生理微环境、未知的NK细胞亚型相关,结直肠癌患者可能不适用NK细胞进行免疫治疗。     

重症患者再喂养综合征危险因素的Meta分析

目的 分析重症患者营养支持期间发生再喂养综合征的危险因素，为早期识别及预防再喂养综合征提供参考。方法 检索中国知网、万方数据库、中华医学期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普网、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Elsevier关于重症患者再喂养综合征危险因素的文献，检索时间为各数据库建库至2021年12月，采用RevMan5.3进行Meta分析。结果 纳入13篇文献，包括2 519例患者，其中病例组793例，对照组1 726例；Meta分析合并效应值显示年龄(WMD=4.69)、APACHEⅡ评分(WMD=2.50)、BMI(WMD=-0.94)、白蛋白水平(OR=4.61)、前白蛋白水平(WMD=-53.46)、基线血镁水平(WMD=-0.05)、基线血钾水平(WMD=0.18)、基线血磷水平(WMD=-0.07)是重症患者发生再喂养综合征的危险因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 基于现有证据，重症患者再喂养综合征的危险因素包括年龄、APACHEⅡ评分、营养状况及电解质水平，医护人员需密切关注重症患者营养支持期间能量、蛋白质及电解...     

Knockdown of DEAD-box 51 inhibits tumor growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via the PI3K/AKT pathway

BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is one of the most prevalent malignancies that seriously threaten people’s health worldwide.DEAD-box helicase 51(DDX51)is a member of the DEAD-box(DDX)RNA helicase family,and drives or inhibits tumor progression in multiple cancer types.AIM To determine whether DDX51 affects the biological behavior of ESCC.METHODS The expression of DDX51 in ESCC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues was detected by Immunohistochemistry(IHC)analyses and quantitative PCR(qPCR).We knocked down DDX51 in ESCC cell lines by using a small interfering RNA(siRNA)transfection.The proliferation,apoptosis,and mobility of DDX51 siRNAtransfected cells were detected.The effect of DDX51 on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT pathway was investigated by western blot analysis.A mouse xenograft model was established to investigate the effects of DDX51 knockdown on ESCC tumor growth.RESULTS DDX51 exhibited high expression in ESCC tissues compared with normal tissues and represented a poor prognosis in patients with ESCC.Knockdown of DDX51 induced inhibition of ESCC cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis.Moreover,DDX51 siRNA-expressing cells also exhibited lower migration and invasion rates.Investigations into the underlying mechanisms suggested that DDX51 knock down induced inactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway,including decreased phosphorylation levels of phosphate and tensin homolog,PI3K,AKT,and mammalian target of rapamycin.Rescue experiments demonstrated that the AKT activator insulin-like growth factor 1 could reverse the inhibitory effects of DDX51 on ESCC malignant development.Finally,we injected DDX51 siRNA-transfected TE-1 cells into an animal model,which resulted in slower tumor growth.CONCLUSION Our study suggests for the first time that DDX51 promotes cancer cell proliferation by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway;thus,DDX51 might be a therapeutic target for ESCC.     

A Case of Refractory Childhood Glaucoma Secondary to Weill-Marchesani Syndrome: Management with Combined CO2 Laser-Assisted Sclerectomy Surgery and Trabeculectomy

A 2-year-old girl was diagnosed as Weill-Marchesani syndrome with typical systemic features of short stature, short and stubby hands and feet, language disorders and mental retardation. He developed bilateral angle closure glaucoma, ectopia lentis and suffered visual loss from the ocular features of Weill-Marchesani syndrome. The child was successfully treated by combined CO₂ laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery and trabeculectomy.